grape seed extract vs grapefruit seed extract

#GRAPE SEED EXTRACT VS GRAPEFRUIT SEED EXTRACT PRO#

and Citrus × sinensis, (L.) Osbec from Barbados ( 14). It has originated as a natural hybrid of Citrus maxima, Merr. Grapefruit ( Citrus × paradisi, Macfad) is a subtropical fruit that belongs to the Rutaceae family. One such potential antiviral substance is grapefruit seed extract (GSE), a commercial product made from grapefruit seeds and pulp, that is often used as a dietary supplement ( 13). In order to stop the global pandemic, numerous studies and trials of potential drugs against SARS-COV-2 are underway ( 12). Because of its important role in viral replication and its highly conserved catalytic domains, main protease is a potential drug target ( 11).įinding an effective cure or vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 represents a great challenge to humanity. Proteolytic cleavage is performed by papain-pike protease (PL pro) and the main protease (M pro), releasing functional polypeptides from the pp1a and pp1ab polyproteins ( 10, 11).

#GRAPE SEED EXTRACT VS GRAPEFRUIT SEED EXTRACT PRO#

Main role of M pro in viral replication is its proteolytic activity. M pro is highly conserved among all of the Coronaviruses ( 8). The active site of this enzyme contains four sites, S1', S1, S2, and S4 ( 8, 9), while the catalytic site of M pro preserves catalytic diad (His41-Cys145) located between domain I and II ( 7). Domain III has enzymatic activity and no role in binding ( 7). Chymotrypsin-like cysteine protease (306 amino acid residues) ( 6) has three domains: catalytic domain, C-terminal domain and N-terminal finger domain, labeled as domain I, domain II and domain III, respectively.

Nsp-5 encodes the main protease known as M pro (chymotrypsin-like cysteine protease, 3CL pro), with an important role in virus replication and gene expression ( 5). The first, the largest open reading frame, encodes 16 non-structural proteins nsps (nsp1-nsp16) ( 4). Genomes of some typical Coronaviruses (CoVs), just like SARS-CoV-2 itself, have 6-10 open reading frames (ORFs). SARS-CoV-2 is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA) virus which belongs to Betacoronavirus genus of the Coronaviridae family, causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with severe (13.8%) and critical symptoms (4.7%) in some cases, including deadly dangerous fatal pneumonia ( 2, 3). Since the outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, from December 2019 until May 2021, more than 157 million people have been infected, and over 3.2 million deaths have been recorded ( 1).

Grape seed extract vs grapefruit seed extract